僧帽牡蛎碱性磷酸酶性质的研究   总被引：12，自引：2，他引：12  

陈巧  陈清西  林建城  廖金花 《台湾海峡》2003,22(4):475-481

从僧帽牡蛎分离纯化出一种碱性磷酸酶,采用Sephadex G-200凝胶过滤柱层析法测得该酶分子量为1.57×10~5.以对硝基苯磷酸为底物,该酶的最适温度为43℃,最适pH值为10.0.在37℃和pH值为10.0的条件下,酶催化反应的米氏常数(K_m)为9.68×10~(-4)mol/dm~3,活化能(E_a)为45.85kJ/mol,温度系数(Q_(10))为1.80(30～40℃).对该酶的热稳定性研究表明:其在45℃以下较为稳定,50℃以上明显失活,并测定了该酶的热失活速度常数.金属离子对酶活力的效应研究结果表明:Mg~(2+)、Mn~(2+)、Ca~(2+)、Co~(2+)对酶有激活作用,Ag~+、Hg~(2+)、Zn~(2+)表现为抑制作用,Cd~(2+)几乎没有影响.Mg~(2+)是较有效的激活剂,表现为部分非竞争性效应,激活常数(K_a)为2.48×10~(-4)mol/dm~3,有Mg~(2+)存在时该酶活性中心的转换数量是无Mg~(2+)时的4.0倍.几种效应物对酶的抑制机理研究表明:HPO_4~(2-)、HAsO_4~(2-)、Cys为竞争性,其抑制常数分别为1.61、1.18和0.15mmol/dm~3;L-Phe为反竞争性,抑制常数为3.26mmol/dm~3.  相似文献   

牙鲆发育中ALP基因表达图式及功能分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陈晓武  施志仪  顾一峰 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2007,37(6):894-898

为探讨研究碱性磷酸酶（ALP）在牙鲆发育变态中的表达与功能，采用组织学和分子生物学的方法对牙鲆ALP进行了研究。结果如下：1．组织化学染色显示原肠期胚体中即可以检测到ALP的活性。出膜后，在头和背部的活性比较强，而身体的内脏区域，活性较低，卵黄中没有表现出酶活性。仔鱼进食后，ALP开始在消化道中大量的表达，特别是在胃肠道粘膜层。2．牙鲆ALPcDNA全长为1811bp，预测能编码476个氨基酸的蛋白质。采用RT-PCR的方法在牙鲆卵到出膜后5天的时候不能检测到ALP基因表达，到变态前的仔鱼体内开始表达。在成鱼胃、肝、鳃、皮肤、皮下肌肉、肾中均能检测到ALP的表达。3．变态前的仔鱼身体总ALP活力约为出膜时的卵中酶活力的4倍，在变态期酶活力变化不大，但是在变态后期上升明显。甲状腺素（T4）在变态中对酶活力增加有明显的促进作用。作为甲状腺素合成抑制剂，硫脲（Tu）能降低仔鱼体内酶活性。4．使用ALP的活性抑制剂左旋眯唑（TRM）处理的仔鱼消化功能和头部骨骼的发育受到一定的影响。消化道内食物很少，消化道上皮层中ALP免疫显色反应减弱。头部骨骼中发现较多骨细胞死亡而只留下一些细胞碎片，超过95％的仔鱼不能完成右眼的移位就发生死亡，变态比对照组迟缓。5．定量PCR结果表明，变态中期ALP基因表达量只有初期的1／2，变态后期却明显上升到变态初期的2．5倍，T4和Tu处理对ALP基因表达产生影响的在中期和后期表现明显。中期T4组明显高于对照组和Tu组，变态后期T4组和Tu组均低于对照组。  相似文献   

几种海洋微藻的碱性磷酸酶性质初步研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

唐洪杰  杨茹君  张传松  李雁宾  祝陈坚  王修林 《海洋科学》2006,30(10):61-64

对5种海洋微藻产生的碱性磷酸酶的性质进行了初步研究并确定了碱性磷酸酶的测定条件。结果表明,在pH 8.2的环境中,各藻产生的碱性磷酸酶最佳反应温度在40~50℃内,且存在一定差异;40℃下酶促反应恒速时间及米氏常数也有所不同,酶活恒速时间顺序为东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense)<强壮前沟藻(Amphidinium carterae)<旋链角毛藻(Chaetoceros curvisetus)<中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)<塔玛亚历山大藻(Al-exandrium tamarense);米氏常数大小顺序为塔玛亚历山大藻<东海原甲藻<中肋骨条藻<强壮前沟藻<旋链角毛藻。碱性磷酸酶测定条件为:温度40℃,反应时间90 min,底物浓度260μmol/L。  相似文献   

U-Pb and Pb-Pb zircon dating of the older orthogneiss suite in the Silvretta nappe,eastern Alps: Cadomian magmatism in the upper Austro-Alpine realm     

Bernhard Müller  Urs Stefan Klötzli  Markus Flisch 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1995,84(3):457-465

Two orthogneiss suites dominate the Silvretta nappe. Primary crystallization of the larger suite (younger orthogneisses) is assumed to be Ordovician in age. The second, adjacent magmatic suite consists of older, alkaline to calc-alkaline, ultrabasic, basic to intermediate and granitic rocks known as older orthogneisses. U-Pb data of multigrain zircon fractions, as well as single zircon stepwise evaporation ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb results suggest a latest Proterozoic to early Cambrian intrusion age for the protoliths of the older orthogneisses as both dating methods yield early Cambrian crystallization ages of 526±7 and 519±7 Ma for an alkaline granite gneiss; similar results were obtained for two neighbouring calc-alkaline orthogneisses (²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb ages of 533 ± 4 and 568 ± 6 Ma, respectively). The crystal habitus corresponds to P5, S19 and S9 zircons of magmatic origin. Whole-rock initial Sr isotope ratios indicate a primitive source. The igneous protoliths of these older orthogneisses represent a fragment of a Cadomian (Pan-African) crust found in places within the basement of the European Hercynides.  相似文献   

中华绒螯蟹精子形成过程酸性磷酸酶的分布特征     

刘桂荣  康现江  郭明申  孙文佳  王琦 《台湾海峡》2006,25(1):25-29

将金属盐法与光镜、电镜技术相结合，研究中华绒螯蟹精子形成过程中酸性磷酸酶分布的变化．研究表明，在精子形成的早期，酸性磷酸酶由细胞质中的内质网小泡上产生，随后出现在细胞核内、顶体囊膜上及顶体管内，并且反应产物逐渐由分布均匀的细密颗粒聚集成分布均匀的较大的颗粒；当精子成熟后酸性磷酸酶均匀分布在顶体管中，反应产物颗粒比较大，穿孔器部分发现有少量酸性磷酸酶分布。  相似文献   

Alkaline phosphatase activity and phosphatase hydrolyzable phosphorus for phytoplankton in hiroshima bay, Japan     

Seok Jin Oh  Yang Ho Yoon  Tamiji Yamamoto  Yukihiko Matsuyama 《Ocean Science Journal》2005,40(4):183-190

We investigated the seasonal variability of free alkaline phosphatase activity in seawater and alkaline phosphatase hydrolysable phosphorus (APHP) at 3 stations in Hiroshima Bay using alkaline phosphatase extracted from the dinoflagellates Alexandrium tamarense and Gymnodinium catenatum. The dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) was lower than 1 μM in all samples; the lowest values were in May. The amount of APHP was high at the surface and bottom waters of all stations in May, showing DIP-depleted conditions. In August and November, the amount of APHP was much less than the amount of APHP in May, indicating that the availability of dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) for these species was low and/or uptake during the dinoflagellate blooming might have occurred in the area. The results obtained from short-term variations of AP activity might suggest that the growth of dinoflagellates in this season may be partly supported by the AP produced by other diatoms.  相似文献   

杂色鲍碱性磷酸酶在醇、醛和酮溶液中的失活作用     

陈巧  洪燕飞  廖金花  庄总来  陈清西 《台湾海峡》2005,24(4):469-473

报道了杂色鲍碱性磷酸酶(ALP)在甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、甲醛、丙酮等溶液中的失 活动力学．结果表明:酶的剩余活力随着有机溶剂浓度的增大而迅速下降．测得上述 5种有机溶剂对该酶的半抑制率(IC50)分别为5．41、3．07、1．80、31．0×10-3、2．30 mol／dm3．在这些有机溶剂溶液中酶的失活过程都是可逆反应．检测醇、醛、酮对该酶 的失活作用机理,结果表明甲醇、乙醇、丙醇对杂色鲍ALP的失活作用均为非竞争性 机制,其抑制常数分别为5．36、3．02、1．80mol／dm3．甲醛、丙酮对杂色鲍ALP的失活 作用都呈现为混合型抑制,其对游离酶的抑制常数(K1)分别为24．7×10-3、1．66 mol／dm3;对酶-底物络合物的抑制常数(KIS)分别为56．2×10-3、5．40mol／dm3．  相似文献   

Carbonate precipitation in the alkaline lake Specchio di Venere (Pantelleria Island,Italy) and the possible role of microbial mats     

《Applied Geochemistry》2016

Alkaline lakes like the hydrothermally affected lake Specchio di Venere (Pantelleria Island, Central Mediterranean) are typical geological settings harbouring calcified microbial mats. The present work is focused on the discrimination between biotic and abiotic processes driving carbonate precipitation in this lake, using hydrochemical, mineralogical and isotopic data. Hydrochemical analyses demonstrate that the lake is nearly 10−fold supersaturated with regard to aragonite and seasonally reaches hydromagnesite supersaturation. Microscopic observations depict organosedimentary laminated structures consisting of microbial communities and aragonitic precipitates, which are rather disseminated in pores than directly linked to microorganisms. Oxygen isotopic data indicate that authigenic carbonate crystallisation from evaporating water is the dominant precipitation process, further suggested by the absence of textural evidence of diagenetic processes. Conversely, the observed δ¹³C values reflect an influence of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) on carbon fractionation during the precipitation process, due to the selective sequestration of ¹²C in the biomass. The above considerations suggest that at lake Specchio di Venere the carbonate precipitation is mainly of inorganic nature, but a minor role played by biologically influenced processes in microbial mats is not excluded.  相似文献   

Gem corundum deposits of Madagascar: A review     

Amos Fety Michel Rakotondrazafy  Gaston Giuliani  Daniel Ohnenstetter  Anthony E. Fallick  Saholy Rakotosamizanany  Alfred Andriamamonjy  Thogne Ralantoarison  Madison Razanatseheno  Yohann Offant  Virginie Garnier  Henri Maluski  Christian Dunaigre  Dietmar Schwarz  Voahangy Ratrimo 《Ore Geology Reviews》2008,34(1-2):134

Madagascar is one of the most important gem-producing countries in the world, including ruby and sapphires. Gem corundum deposits formed at different stages in the geological evolution of the island and in contrasting environments. Four main settings are identified: (1) Gem corundum formed in the Precambrian basement within the Neoproterozoic terranes of southern Madagascar, and in the volcano-sedimentary series of Beforona, north of Antananarivo. In the south, high-temperature (700 to 800 °C) and low-pressure (4 to 5 kbar) granulites contain deposits formed during the Pan-African orogenesis between 565 and 490 Ma. They accompany mafic and ultramafic complexes (ruby deposits of the Vohibory group), skarns at the contact between Anosyan granites and the Proterozoic Tranomaro group (sapphire deposits of the Tranomaro–Andranondambo district), and shear-zone corridors cross-cutting feldspathic gneisses, cordieritites and clinopyroxenites in the Tranomaro, Vohimena and Androyan metamorphic series (biotite schist deposits of Sahambano and Zazafotsy, cordieritites of Iankaroka and Ambatomena). The circulation of fluids, especially along discontinuities, allowed in-situ alkaline metasomatism, forming corundum host rocks related to desilicified granites, biotitites, “sakenites” and “corundumites”. (2) Gem corundum also occurs in the Triassic detrital formations of the Isalo group, as giant palaeoplacers in the Ilakaka–Sakaraha area. Here, sapphires and rubies may come from the metamorphic granulitic terranes of southern Madagascar. (3) Gem corundum deposits occur within the Neogene-Quaternary alkali basalts from Ankaratra (Antsirabe–Antanifotsy area) and in the Ambohitra Province (Nosy Be, Ambato and Ambondromifehy districts). Primary deposits are rare, except at Soamiakatra where ruby in gabbroic and clinopyroxenite xenoliths within alkali-basalts probably derive from mantle garnet peridotites. The blue-green-yellow sapphires typical of basaltic fields are always recovered in palaeoplacer (in karst formed upon Jurassic limestones from the Montagne d'Ambre, Antsiranana Province) and alluvial and soil placers (Ankaratra volcanic massif). (4) Deposits occur within Quaternary eluvial, colluvial and alluvial concentrations, such as high-quality rubies from the Andilamena and Vatomandry deposits.  相似文献   

Aquatic plant nutrients, moss phosphatase activities and tissue composition in four upland streams in northern England     

N.T.W. Ellwood  S.M. Haile  B.A. Whitton 《Journal of Hydrology》2008,350(3-4):246-260

A study was made of the water chemistry, tissue nutrients and surface phosphatase activities of the 2-cm apices of three mosses in four upland streams in northern England, UK. This was part of a project to optimize methods for assessing nutrient fractions in environments with highly variable water chemistry. Aqueous N and P fractions showed the greatest variability followed by moss phosphatase activities, with nutrient composition of the shoot apices the least variable. There was no consistent pattern as to which aqueous N or P fraction was the most variable. The ratio between total inorganic N and total filtrable P ranged over three orders of magnitude in some streams. The interrelations between tissue N and P concentrations, tissue N:P ratio, phosphatase activities and aqueous variables showed:

(1) Significant +ve relationship between tissue N and aqueous NO₃–N in some populations, but not between tissue P and aqueous P concentration;

(2) Significant +ve relationships between phosphatase activities and aqueous organic N, but none with aqueous organic P;

(3) Significant +ve relationships between phosphodiesterase:phosphomonoesterase activities and aqueous organic N;

(4) Significant −ve relationships between phosphatase activities and tissue P concentration;

(5) Significant +ve relationships between phosphatase activities and tissue N:P.

Both types of biological measurement are valuable for monitoring ambient nutrients in upland streams. Neither is clearly better than the other, so both should be included in surveys.  相似文献